鍚▼鑷矯++涓栫晫锛氫粠鍩虹鍒拌繘闃剁殑缂栫▼涔嬫梾

鍦ㄧ紪绋嬮鍩燂紝C++浠ュ叾寮哄ぇ鐨勫姛鑳戒笌骞挎硾鐨勯€傜敤鎬х嫭鏍戜竴甯溿€傚畠鏃㈠寘鍚簡闈㈠悜杩囩▼鐨勭紪绋嬬壒鎬э紝鍙堣瀺鍚堜簡闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鐨勭紪绋嬬悊蹇点€傛棤璁轰綘鏄垵娑夌紪绋嬬殑鏂版墜锛岃繕鏄凡鏈夌粡楠岀殑寮€鍙戣€咃紝鏈寚鍗楅兘灏嗗甫浣犱粠闆跺紑濮嬶紝閫愭鎺屾彙C++鐨勬牳蹇冩蹇典笌瀹炶返鎶€宸с€?/p>涓€銆佹帰瀵籆++鐨勯瓍鍔涳細涓轰綍瀛︿範C++锛?/h3>

C++鐨勭伒娲绘€т笌鎬ц兘浣垮叾鎴愪负绯荤粺缂栫▼銆佹父鎴忓紑鍙戙€佺畻娉曞疄鐜颁互鍙婇珮璐熻浇搴旂敤棰嗗煙鐨勭悊鎯充箣閫夈€傛帉鎻++灏嗕负浣犲紑鍚竴绯诲垪楂樻晥鐜囩紪绋嬪拰鎶€鏈簲鐢ㄧ殑澶ч棬锛岃浣犲湪缂栫▼涓栫晫涓父鍒冩湁浣欍€?/p>浜屻€丆++瀛︿範瀵艰埅锛氭湰鎸囧崡姒傝

C++鍏ラ棬锛氳В璇籆++鐨勫熀鏈蹇?- 浠庡巻鍙蹭笌搴旂敤棰嗗煙鍑哄彂锛屾繁鍏ヤ簡瑙++鐨勬牳蹇冧环鍊笺€?/p>

鍩虹璇硶锛氭瀯寤篊++绋嬪簭鐨勫熀纭€ - 鎺屾彙鍙橀噺銆佹暟鎹被鍨嬨€佹帶鍒剁粨鏋勪互鍙婂嚱鏁扮瓑鍩虹鐭ヨ瘑锛岃繖浜涙槸缂栫▼鐨勫熀鐭炽€?/p>

闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼锛欳++鐨勬牳蹇?- 鎺㈢┒绫汇€佸璞°€佺户鎵裤€佸鎬佺瓑闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼鐨勫叧閿蹇碉紝娣卞叆鐞嗚В鍏跺簲鐢ㄤ笌瀹炵幇銆?/p>

鎸囬拡涓庡唴瀛樼鐞嗭細鎺屾帶C++鐨勫唴瀛?- 娣卞叆浜嗚В鎸囬拡鎿嶄綔涓庡唴瀛樼鐞嗘妧鏈紝杩欐槸C++鐨勯珮绾х壒鎬т箣涓€銆?/p>

鏂囦欢鎿嶄綔锛氭暟鎹寔涔呭寲鐨勫叧閿?- 瀛︿細濡備綍鍦ㄧ▼搴忎腑瀛樺偍鍜屾绱㈡暟鎹紝瀹炵幇鏁版嵁鐨勬寔涔呭寲銆?/p>

閿欒澶勭悊涓庤皟璇曪細甯歌闂瑙ｅ喅绛栫暐 - 鎻愬崌浠ｇ爜椴佹鎬э紝瀛︿細鏈夋晥璇嗗埆涓庤В鍐抽棶棰樸€?/p>

椤圭洰瀹炶返锛氭瀯寤哄畬鏁寸殑C++搴旂敤 - 灏嗙悊璁虹煡璇嗗簲鐢ㄤ簬瀹為檯椤圭洰涓紝浣撻獙浠庢蹇靛埌瀹炵幇鐨勫叏杩囩▼銆?/p>涓夈€丆++鍏ラ棬璇﹁В锛氬熀鏈蹇典笌鍘嗗彶鑳屾櫙

C++鏄竴绉嶉珮鏁堜笖鐏垫椿鐨勭紪绋嬭瑷€锛屽叾鍏ㄥ悕鈥淐 with Classes鈥濅綋鐜颁簡瀹冨湪C璇█鐨勫熀纭€涓婅瀺鍏ヤ簡闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼鐨勭壒鎬с€侰++璧锋簮浜?979骞寸殑C璇█锛岀敱Bjarne Stroustrup鍦ㄨ礉灏斿疄楠屽寮€鍙戙€傚畠涓嶄粎淇濇寔浜咰璇█鐨勬€ц兘浼樺娍锛岃繕寮曞叆浜嗗鑼冨紡鐨勭紪绋嬮鏍硷紝濡傛ā鏉裤€佸紓甯稿鐞嗗拰娉涘瀷缂栫▼銆?/p>

C++鍦ㄥ巻鍙茶垶鍙颁笂鐙爲涓€甯滐紝鍏剁壒鎬т娇寰楀畠鎴愪负寮€鍙戦珮鎬ц兘銆佸鏉傝蒋浠剁殑鐞嗘兂閫夋嫨銆侰++杩愯鏃舵晥鐜囬珮锛屾槸缂栬瘧鍨嬭瑷€锛岃繖鎰忓懗鐫€浠ｇ爜鎵ц鏃剁殑鏁堢巼鏋侀珮锛岀壒鍒槸鍦ㄥ鎬ц兘瑕佹眰涓ユ牸鐨勯鍩熷鎿嶄綔绯荤粺銆佹父鎴忓紑鍙戝拰鍥惧舰澶勭悊绛夈€侰++鏀寔澶氬钩鍙帮紝鏃犺鏄疻indows銆丩inux杩樻槸macOS锛岄兘鑳借交鏉惧簲瀵癸紝涓斿叿鏈夎壇濂界殑绉绘鎬с€傚叾闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鐗规€т娇寰椾唬鐮佹洿鍏峰彲璇绘€с€佸彲缁存姢鎬у拰鍙噸鐢ㄦ€с€?/p>

鍥涖€佸熀纭€璇硶鍒濇帰锛氭瀯寤篊++绋嬪簭鐨勫熀纭€缁撴瀯

鎺屾彙C++鐨勫熀纭€璇硶鏄濂借繖闂ㄨ瑷€鐨勫熀鐭炽€傛垜浠皢閫氳繃绠€鍗曠殑浠ｇ爜绀轰緥鏉ョ啛鎮塁++鐨勫熀鏈粨鏋勫拰璇硶瑙勫垯锛屽寘鎷彉閲忋€佹暟鎹被鍨嬨€佹帶鍒剁粨鏋勪互鍙婂嚱鏁扮瓑銆傝繖浜涚煡璇嗙偣灏嗕负浣犲悗缁殑瀛︿範濂犲畾鍧氬疄鐨勫熀纭€銆?/p>

鎺㈢储C++鐨勫熀鐭筹細鍩烘湰缁撴瀯銆佸彉閲忋€佹帶鍒剁粨鏋勩€佸嚱鏁板強闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼

璁╂垜浠粠C++绋嬪簭鐨勫熀鏈粨鏋勫紑濮嬫帰绱€傛瘡涓€涓狢++绋嬪簭閮藉寘鍚竴浜涘熀鏈殑缁勬垚閮ㄥ垎锛屼緥濡傚ご鏂囦欢銆佸懡鍚嶇┖闂淬€佷富鍑芥暟绛夈€備笅闈㈡槸涓€涓畝鍗曠殑绀轰緥锛?/p>

```cpp

include // 鍖呭惈澶存枃浠?/iostream>

using namespace std; // 浣跨敤鏍囧噯鍛藉悕绌洪棿

int main() {

cout << "Hello, World!"; // 杈撳嚭璇彞

return 0; // 涓诲嚱鏁拌繑鍥?锛岃〃绀虹▼搴忔甯哥粨鏉?/p>

}

```

鎺ヤ笅鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑浜嗚ВC++涓殑鍙橀噺涓庢暟鎹被鍨嬨€侰++鏀寔澶氱鏁版嵁绫诲瀷锛屽鏁村瀷銆佹诞鐐瑰瀷銆佸瓧绗﹀瀷绛夈€傜湅涓嬮潰鐨勪唬鐮佺ず渚嬶細

```cpp

include

using namespace std;

int main() {

int age = 25; // 澹版槑鏁村瀷鍙橀噺骞跺垵濮嬪寲

float height = 1.75; // 澹版槑娴偣鍨嬪彉閲忓苟鍒濆鍖?/p>

char grade = 'A'; // 澹版槑瀛楃鍨嬪彉閲忓苟鍒濆鍖?/p>

cout << "Age: " << age << ", Height: " << height << ", Grade: " << grade << endl; // 杈撳嚭鍙橀噺鐨勫€?/p>

return 0;

}

```

鐒跺悗锛屾垜浠潵鎺㈢储C++鐨勬帶鍒剁粨鏋勩€侰++鏀寔鏉′欢璇彞銆佸惊鐜拰鍒嗘敮缁撴瀯锛岃繖浜涚粨鏋勫彲浠ュ府鍔╂垜浠疄鐜伴€昏緫鍒ゆ柇鍜屽惊鐜墽琛屻€傜ず渚嬪涓嬶細

```cpp

include

using namespace std;

int main() {

int num = 10;

if (num > 5) {

cout << "Num is greater than 5." << endl;

} else {

cout << "Num is less than or equal to 5." << endl;

}

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // 浣跨敤寰幆杈撳嚭杩唬娆℃暟

cout << "Loop iteration: " << i << endl;

}

return 0;

}

```

鎺ヤ笅鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑浜嗚В涓€涓嬪嚱鏁般€傚嚱鏁版槸绋嬪簭鐨勫熀鏈瀯寤哄潡锛岀敤浜庡皝瑁呭彲閲嶇敤鐨勪唬鐮併€備笅闈㈡槸涓€涓畝鍗曠殑绀轰緥锛?/p>

```cpp

include

using namespace std;

void greet() { // 瀹氫箟鍑芥暟greet()

cout << "Hello, C++!" << endl; // 杈撳嚭闂€欒骞舵崲琛?/p>

} // 鍑芥暟瀹氫箟缁撴潫鏍囪澶勬棤闇€鍔犲垎鍙锋垨灏栨嫭鍙风瓑鐗规畩绗﹀彿锛岄伩鍏嶄骇鐢熺紪璇戦敊璇€? 鎺ヤ笅鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑灏嗘繁鍏ュ涔犻潰鍚戝璞＄紪绋嬬殑鏍稿績姒傚康锛屼簡瑙ｅ浣曞湪C++涓疄鐜扮被鍜屽璞°€傞潰鍚戝璞＄紪绋嬫槸C++鏈€閲嶈鐨勭壒鎬т箣涓€锛岄€氳繃绫诲拰瀵硅薄鐨勬蹇碉紝鎴戜滑鍙互鏋勫缓妯″潡鍖栫殑绋嬪簭锛屼娇浠ｇ爜鏇村姞鏄撲簬绠＄悊鍜岀淮鎶ゃ€傚湪C++涓畾涔夌被鐨勭ず渚嬪涓嬶細class Person { public: string name; int age; void sayHello() { cout << "Hello, my name is " << name << " and I am " << age << " years old." << endl; } }; 鐒跺悗锛屾垜浠彲浠ュ垱寤虹被鐨勫疄渚嬫潵鍒涘缓瀵硅薄銆備緥濡傦細 int main() { Person p1; p1.name = "Alice"; p1.age = 28; p1.sayHello(); Person p2; p2.name = "Bob"; p2.age = 32; p2.sayHello(); return 0; } 鎴戜滑鏉ユ帰璁ㄧ户鎵跨殑姒傚康銆傜户鎵挎槸闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼涓殑鍙︿竴涓牳蹇冩蹇碉紝鍏佽涓€涓被缁ф壙鍙︿竴涓被鐨勫睘鎬у拰鏂规硶銆傞€氳繃杩欑鏂瑰紡锛屾垜浠彲浠ュ垱寤烘洿鍔犲鏉傚拰鐏垫椿鐨勭▼搴忕粨鏋勩€?閫氳繃浠ヤ笂杩欎簺鍩虹绀轰緥锛屼綘宸茬粡瀵笴++鐨勫熀鏈娉曞拰缁撴瀯鏈変簡鍒濇鐨勪簡瑙ｃ€傛帴涓嬫潵锛屼綘鍙互缁х画娣卞叆瀛︿範C++鐨勯潰鍚戝璞＄紪绋嬬壒鎬э紝鎺㈢储鏇村楂樼骇鍔熻兘鍜屾妧宸с€傞潰鍚戝璞＄紪绋嬪湪C++涓殑灞曠幇鍙婂叾楂樼骇鐗规€цВ璇?/p>

C++ 灞曠幇浜嗗己澶х殑闈㈠悜瀵硅薄缂栫▼鑳藉姏锛岄€氳繃绫诲拰瀵硅薄鏉ュ疄鐜般€備笅闈㈡垜浠€氳繃涓€浜涚ず渚嬫潵娣卞叆鐞嗚В銆?/p>

鎴戜滑鏉ョ湅涓€涓叧浜庡姩鐗╁拰鐙楃殑渚嬪瓙銆?/p>

```cpp

class Animal {

public:

void makeSound() {

cout << "Animal makes a sound." << endl;

}

};

class Dog : public Animal {

public:

void makeSound() {

cout << "Dog barks." << endl;

}

};

```

鍦ㄨ繖涓緥瀛愪腑锛孌og绫荤户鎵夸簡Animal绫伙紝骞惰鐩栦簡makeSound鏂规硶銆傚綋鎴戜滑鍒涘缓Dog瀵硅薄骞惰皟鐢╩akeSound鏂规硶鏃讹紝浼氳緭鍑衡€淒og barks鈥濄€傝繖灏辨槸澶氭€佺殑浣撶幇锛屼笉鍚岀殑绫诲璞″彲浠ュ搷搴旂浉鍚岀殑鍑芥暟璋冪敤銆?/p>

鎺ヤ笅鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑鍐嶇湅鍏充簬褰㈢姸鍜岀煩褰㈢殑渚嬪瓙銆?/p>

```cpp

class Shape {

public:

cout << "Shape has no area." << endl;

}

};

class Rectangle : public Shape { // Rectangle缁ф壙浜哠hape绫汇€?/p>

public:

```

鏂囦欢鎿嶄綔鏄▼搴忎笌澶栭儴鏁版嵁浜や簰鐨勫叧閿墜娈点€傚湪C++涓紝鎴戜滑鏈夊绉嶆柟寮忚鍐欐枃浠讹紝浠ュ疄鐜版暟鎹殑鎸佷箙鍖栥€佹棩蹇楄褰曞拰鏁版嵁澶囦唤銆?/p>

鎵撳紑鏂囦欢

浣跨敤`fopen`鍑芥暟鎴朇++鐨勬祦瀵硅薄鏉ユ墦寮€鏂囦欢銆備緥濡傦紝閫氳繃`std::ofstream`瀵硅薄浠ヨ拷鍔犳ā寮忔墦寮€鏂囦欢骞跺啓鍏ュ唴瀹广€?/p>

绀轰緥浠ｇ爜锛?/p>

```cpp

include

int main() {

std::ofstream file("example.txt", std::ios::app);

if (file.is_open()) {

file << "Hello, this is a line." << std::endl;

file.close();

}

return 0;

}

```

璇诲彇鏂囦欢

浣跨敤`ifstream`鏉ヨ鍙栨枃浠跺唴瀹广€傛垜浠彲浠ラ€愯璇诲彇鏂囦欢骞跺皢鍏惰緭鍑哄埌鎺у埗鍙般€?/p>

绀轰緥浠ｇ爜锛?/p>

```cpp

include

include

int main() {

std::ifstream file("example.txt");

if (file.is_open()) {

std::string line;

while (std::getline(file, line)) {

std::cout << line << std::endl;

}

file.close();

}

return 0;

}

```

鏂囦欢妯″紡

閫氳繃浣跨敤涓嶅悓鐨勬ā寮忥紝濡俙std::ios::in`銆乣std::ios::out`鍜宍std::ios::app`锛屾潵鎺у埗鏂囦欢鐨勮鍐欐搷浣溿€備緥濡傦紝浣跨敤杩藉姞妯″紡鍚戞枃浠舵湯灏炬坊鍔犲唴瀹广€?/p>

寮傚父澶勭悊

鍦ㄦ枃浠舵搷浣滀腑锛屼娇鐢╰ry-catch鍧楁潵鎹曡幏骞跺鐞嗗彲鑳藉嚭鐜扮殑寮傚父銆備緥濡傦紝褰撴棤娉曟墦寮€鏂囦欢鏃讹紝鎴戜滑鍙互杈撳嚭閿欒淇℃伅銆?/p>

绀轰緥浠ｇ爜锛?/p>

```cpp

include

int main() {

std::ofstream file("example.txt");

if (!file.is_open()) {

std::cerr << "Failed to open file." << std::endl;

return 1; // 闈為浂杩斿洖鍊艰〃绀洪敊璇?/p>

}

// 鍏朵粬鏂囦欢鎿嶄綔...

file.close();

return 0;

}

```

閿欒澶勭悊涓庤皟璇曪細甯歌闂瑙ｅ喅绛栫暐

鍦ㄨ蒋浠跺紑鍙戣繃绋嬩腑锛岄敊璇鐞嗗拰璋冭瘯鏄笉鍙垨缂虹殑鎶€鑳姐€侰++鎻愪緵浜嗗绉嶆満鍒舵潵甯姪寮€鍙戣€呭彂鐜板拰瑙ｅ喅绋嬪簭涓殑闂銆?/p>

閿欒澶勭悊

浣跨敤鍑芥暟鐨勯敊璇繑鍥炲€笺€佸紓甯告姏鍑哄拰鎹曡幏鏉ュ鐞嗛敊璇€傞€氳繃鑷畾涔夊嚱鏁帮紝濡俙safeDivide`锛屾垜浠彲浠ラ伩鍏嶉櫎闆堕敊璇苟鎶涘嚭寮傚父銆?/p>

璋冭瘯宸ュ叿

闆嗘垚寮€鍙戠幆澧冿紙IDE锛変腑鐨勮皟璇曞伐鍏凤紝濡侴DB锛屾槸瀹氫綅鍜屼慨澶嶉敊璇殑寮哄ぇ鍔╂墜銆傚紑鍙戣€呭彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄨ繖浜涘伐鍏锋潵璁剧疆鏂偣銆佸崟姝ユ墽琛屼唬鐮併€佹煡鐪嬪彉閲忓€肩瓑銆?/p>

鏂█鍜屾棩蹇?/p>

---

鎺㈢储C++鐨勪笘鐣岋細浠庡熀纭€鍒板疄璺?/p>

璁╂垜浠竴璧疯繄鍏++鐨勫濡欎笘鐣岋紝浠庤繖閲屽紑濮嬶紝浣犲皢鎺屾彙涓€涓己澶т笖瀵屾湁琛ㄧ幇鍔涚殑缂栫▼璇█銆傚噯澶囧ソ浜嗗悧锛熸垜浠嵆灏嗗惎绋嬶紒

璁╂垜浠粠涓€娈电畝鍗曠殑浠ｇ爜寮€濮嬨€傚湪杩欐浠ｇ爜涓紝鎴戜滑灏嗗涔犲浣曠‘淇濇暟鎹殑瀹夊叏鎬у拰瀹屾暣鎬с€?/p>

```cpp

include // 寮曞叆鏂█搴擄紝鐢ㄤ簬娴嬭瘯

void sanitizeData(int data) {

assert(data != nullptr); // 纭繚鏁版嵁鎸囬拡闈炵┖

data = 0; // 灏嗘暟鎹竻闆讹紝淇濊瘉瀹夊叏鎬?/p>

}

```

鍦ㄨ繖娈典唬鐮佷腑锛屾垜浠畾涔変簡涓€涓嚱鏁癭sanitizeData`锛屽畠鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸灏嗕紶鍏ョ殑鏁版嵁鎸囬拡鎵€鎸囧悜鐨勫€艰缃负0锛屼粠鑰岀‘淇濇暟鎹殑瀹夊叏鎬с€傛垜浠繕浣跨敤浜嗘柇瑷€鏉ョ‘淇濇暟鎹寚閽堟槸闈炵┖鐨勶紝杩欐槸涓€绉嶅父瑙佺殑閿欒澶勭悊绛栫暐銆?/p>浜屻€佸崟鍏冩祴璇曪細楠岃瘉浠ｇ爜鐨勬纭€?/h3>

涓轰簡纭繚鎴戜滑鐨勪唬鐮佽兘澶熸寜鐓ч鏈熷伐浣滐紝鎴戜滑闇€瑕佸鍏惰繘琛屾祴璇曘€備笅闈㈡槸涓€涓畝鍗曠殑鍗曞厓娴嬭瘯绀轰緥锛岀敤浜庨獙璇乣sanitizeData`鍑芥暟鐨勬纭€с€?/p>

```cpp

TEST(SanitizeDataTest, PositiveTest) {

int data = 10; // 鍒濆鍖栨暟鎹负10

sanitizeData(&data); // 璋冪敤鍑芥暟杩涜鏁版嵁鍑€鍖?/p>

EXPECT_EQ(data, 0); // 楠岃瘉鏁版嵁鏄惁宸茶鍑€鍖栦负0

}

```

閫氳繃缂栧啓鍗曞厓娴嬭瘯锛屾垜浠彲浠ョ‘淇濅唬鐮佺殑姝ｇ‘鎬э紝骞跺湪浠ｇ爜淇敼鏃跺強鏃跺彂鐜版綔鍦ㄧ殑闂銆?/p>涓夈€侀」鐩疄璺碉細鏋勫缓浣犵殑绗竴涓狢++搴旂敤

鐞嗚鐭ヨ瘑鐨勫涔犳槸蹇呰鐨勶紝浣嗗皢鍏跺簲鐢ㄥ埌瀹為檯椤圭洰涓洿涓洪噸瑕併€傛帴涓嬫潵锛屾垜浠皢閫氳繃涓€涓畝鍗曠殑鈥淗ello, World!鈥濆簲鐢ㄦ潵瀹炶返C++鐨勪娇鐢ㄣ€?/p>

閫夋嫨浣犵殑鎴樺満锛欼DE鐨勯€夋嫨

閫夋嫨涓€涓€傚悎浣犵殑IDE锛屽Visual Studio Code銆丆ode::Blocks绛夈€傚垱寤轰竴涓柊鐨凜++椤圭洰鏂囦欢澶癸紝骞跺湪鍏朵腑鍒涘缓婧愭枃浠讹紙濡俶ain.cpp锛夈€?/p>

浠ｇ爜瀹炵幇

涓€涓畝鍗曠殑鈥淗ello, World!鈥濈▼搴忓涓嬶細

```cpp

include // 寮曞叆杈撳叆杈撳嚭搴?/iostream>

int main() {

std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl; // 杈撳嚭Hello, World!

return 0; // 绋嬪簭缁撴潫鏍囧織

}

```

缂栬瘧涓庤繍琛?/p>

纭繚浣犵殑IDE鏀寔C++缂栬瘧锛岀紪璇戞簮鏂囦欢骞剁敓鎴愬彲鎵ц鏂囦欢銆傜劧鍚庤繍琛岀敓鎴愮殑鍙墽琛屾枃浠讹紝浣犲皢鐪嬪埌杈撳嚭缁撴灉涓衡€淗ello, World!鈥濈殑鎻愮ず淇℃伅銆傞€氳繃杩欎釜绠€鍗曠殑椤圭洰瀹炶返锛屼綘涓嶄粎鐔熸倝浜咰++鐨勫熀鏈娉曪紝杩樹綋楠屼簡浠庣紪鍐欎唬鐮佸埌杩愯绋嬪簭鐨勫畬鏁磋繃绋嬨€傛伃鍠滀綘瀹屾垚浜嗕綘鐨勭涓€涓狢++搴旂敤锛侌煄夝煄夝煄? 鎺ヤ笅鏉ヤ綘鍙互缁х画娣卞叆鎺㈢储C++鐨勬洿澶氱壒鎬у苟灏濊瘯鏇村鐨勫疄闄呴」鐩潵宸╁浐鎵€瀛︾煡璇嗐€傝浣忓湪瀛︿範鐨勮繃绋嬩腑涓嶆柇缁冧範鍜屽疄楠屾槸闈炲父閲嶈鐨勫摝锛佸笇鏈涗綘鍦ㄧ紪绋嬬殑閬撹矾涓婅秺璧拌秺杩滐紒馃専馃専馃専